Google's local search algorithm in 2018 relied on roughly 20-30 confirmed ranking factors for Maps listings, though the exact number was never officially disclosed by Google. The most heavily weighted factors fell into three broad categories: relevance, distance, and prominence.

Relevance factors determined how closely your business matched what someone was searching for. This included your business category, the keywords in your business name and description, your website content, and the consistency of your NAP data (name, address, phone number) across the web. Distance was straightforward—how far your business location was from the searcher's location or the area they specified in their query. Prominence measured your business's overall authority and reputation in Google's eyes, heavily influenced by review volume and ratings, citation consistency across directories, backlinks to your website, and your click-through rate from Maps results.

In 2018, review signals were particularly critical. A business with 50 recent, high-quality reviews typically outranked competitors with 10 older reviews, even if location and relevance were similar. Citation consistency mattered significantly—if your business appeared as "John's Plumbing" in one directory and "Johns Plumbing" in another, it diluted your prominence. On-page SEO still played a role, particularly having your location pages optimized with local keywords and schema markup implemented correctly.

For agencies working with local service clients in Los Angeles specifically, the competitive landscape was dense enough that these factors operated at high sensitivity. A small change in review velocity or citation consistency could shift rankings noticeably. Website quality factored in as a secondary consideration through Google's evaluation of your site's overall authority and user experience.

One practical note: while these factors were well-documented by 2018 through industry testing and Google's own sparse guidance, the algorithm has continued evolving. Agencies working with Los Angeles clients today should treat 2018 insights as foundational knowledge rather than current best practices, as Google has since introduced additional ranking signals and refined how it weighs existing ones.

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